Mu 2017, pamene msika wogawana njinga zapakhomo udayamba kale, ma scooters amagetsi, njinga zamagetsi ndi njinga zogawana zidayamba kuwonekera m'mizinda yayikulu kudutsa nyanja.Aliyense amangofunika kuyatsa foni ndikusanthula kachidindo kamitundu iwiri kuti atsegule ndikuyamba.
Chaka chino, Chinese Bao Zhoujia ndi Sun Weiyao anayambitsa LimeBike (kenako anadzatchedwa Lime) ku Silicon Valley kuti apereke ntchito zogawana njinga zopanda dockless, njinga zamagetsi ndi scooters zamagetsi, ndipo adapeza ndalama zokwana madola 300 miliyoni aku US pasanathe chaka. $1.1 biliyoni yaku US, ndikukulitsa bizinesi mwachangu ku California, Florida, Washington…
Pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo, Bird, yomwe idakhazikitsidwa ndi wamkulu wakale wa Lyft ndi Uber Travis VanderZanden, idasunthanso ma scooters ake amagetsi omwe amagawana nawo m'misewu ya mzindawo, ndipo adamaliza ndalama zokwana 4 pasanathe chaka chimodzi, ndi ndalama zambiri. kuposa $400 miliyoni US."Unicorn", yomwe inali yothamanga kwambiri kufika pamtengo wa US $ 1 biliyoni panthawiyo, idafika pamtengo wodabwitsa wa US $ 2 biliyoni mu June 2018.
Iyi ndi nkhani yopenga ku Silicon Valley.M'masomphenya a tsogolo la ulendo wogawana nawo, ma scooters amagetsi, magalimoto amagetsi a mawilo awiri ndi njira zina zoyendera zomwe zingathe kuthetsa vuto la "makilomita otsiriza" akhala okondedwa a osunga ndalama.
M'zaka zisanu zapitazi, osunga ndalama adayika ndalama zoposa US $ 5 biliyoni m'makampani a "micro-travel" aku Europe ndi America-iyi ndi nthawi yamtengo wapatali yamagalimoto amagetsi omwe amagawana nawo kunja.
Sabata iliyonse, ma scooter amagetsi omwe amagawidwa omwe amaimiridwa ndi mtundu monga Lime ndi Mbalame amawonjezera masauzande a ma scooter amagetsi ndikuwalimbikitsa pazama TV.
Lime, Bird, Spin, Link, Lyft... Maina awa ndi ma scooters awo amagetsi samangotenga maudindo apamwamba m'misewu, komanso amakhala ndi masamba oyamba a mabungwe akuluakulu oyika ndalama.Koma zitachitika mwadzidzidzi, ma unicorn akalewa adakumana ndi ubatizo wankhanza wamsika.
Mbalame, yomwe nthawi ina inali yamtengo wapatali $ 2.3 biliyoni, inalembedwa mwa kuphatikiza kwa SPAC.Tsopano mtengo wake wagawo ndi wochepera ma senti 50, ndipo mtengo wake ndi $ 135 miliyoni okha, kuwonetsa zovuta m'misika yoyambira ndi yachiwiri.Laimu, yemwe amadziwika kuti ndi wamkulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi wogwiritsa ntchito njinga yamoto yovundikira magetsi, Kuwerengerako kudafikira madola mabiliyoni 2.4 a US, koma mtengowo udapitilirabe kuchepa mu ndalama zomwe zidatsatiridwa, kugwa mpaka $ 510 miliyoni US, kuchepetsa 79%.Pambuyo pa nkhani yoti idzalembedwa mu 2022, tsopano ikusankha mosamala kupitiliza kudikirira.
Mwachiwonekere, nkhani yaulendo yomwe inali nthawi ina yachigololo komanso yowoneka bwino yakhala yosasangalatsa.Momwe okonda ndalama ndi atolankhani anali okondwa poyambira, tsopano anyansidwa.
Kumbuyo kwa zonsezi, zidatani ndi ntchito ya "micro-travel" yoimiridwa ndi ma scooters amagetsi kunja kwa nyanja?
Nkhani Yachigololo ya Last Mile
Zogulitsa zaku China + zogawana maulendo + msika waukulu wakunja, ichi ndi chifukwa chofunikira chomwe osunga ndalama akunja adachita misala ndi msika wogawana nawo poyamba.
M'nkhondo yapanyumba yogawana njinga yomwe inali mkati, mayiko akunja adawona mwayi wamabizinesi omwe analimo ndipo adapeza chandamale choyenera.
Ku United States, omwe akuimiridwa ndi Lime ndi Mbalame apeza "maulendo atatu oyenda" okhazikika panjinga zopanda dockless, njinga zamagetsi ndi ma scooters amagetsi kuti akwaniritse zosowa zapaulendo wautali za ogwiritsa ntchito osiyanasiyana.Yangwiro yothetsera.
Sun Weiyao, yemwe anayambitsa Lime, anatchulapo pofunsa kuti: “Chiwongola dzanja cha ma scooter amagetsi ndi okwera kwambiri, ndipo nthawi zambiri anthu amapanga nthawi yoti azigwiritsa ntchito 'zisanakhudze pansi'.M'madera omwe ali ndi anthu ambiri, kugwiritsa ntchito ma scooters ndi okwera kwambiri.;ndipo poyenda mtunda wautali, anthu amakonda kusankha magalimoto amagetsi;anthu amene amakonda masewera m’mizinda amakhala okonzeka kugwiritsa ntchito njinga.”
“Ponena za kubweza mtengo, zinthu zamagetsi zili ndi zabwino zambiri.Chifukwa ogwiritsa ntchito ali okonzeka kulipira zambiri kuti asangalale ndi zinthu zabwino, koma mtengo wazinthuzo umakhalanso wokwera, monga kufunikira kosintha batire kapena kubwezeretsanso. ”
M'mapulani opangidwa ndi unicorns, pachimake cha malo a C kwenikweni ndi scooter yamagetsi, osati chifukwa cha phazi lake laling'ono, kuthamanga kwachangu, ndi kusintha kosavuta, komanso chifukwa cha mtengo wowonjezera umene umabweretsedwa ndi teknoloji ndi zikhumbo zoteteza chilengedwe. .
Ziwerengero zikuwonetsa kuti chiwerengero cha post-90s ku United States chokhala ndi layisensi yoyendetsa chatsika kuchoka pa 91% m'zaka za m'ma 1980 kufika pa 77% mu 2014. Kukhalapo kwa anthu ambiri opanda magalimoto, kuphatikizapo chitsanzo chochepa cha carbon chomwe chimalimbikitsa. ndi ma scooters amagetsi omwe amagawana nawo, zimagwirizananso ndi kukwera kwa kayendetsedwe ka chitetezo cha chilengedwe kuyambira zaka chikwi zatsopano.
"Dalitso" lochokera kumakampani opanga zinthu ku China lakhala chifukwa china chofunikira "kucha" nsanja zakunja izi.
M'malo mwake, ma scooters amagetsi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi makampani monga Bird ndi Lime makamaka adachokera kumakampani aku China.Zogulitsazi sizingokhala ndi zabwino zamtengo wapatali, komanso kusinthika kwazinthu mwachangu komanso zachilengedwe zazikulu zamafakitale.Zowonjezera zamalonda zimapereka chithandizo chabwino.
Kutengera laimu mwachitsanzo, zinatenga zaka zitatu kuchokera ku m'badwo woyamba wa zinthu zamotoku mpaka kukhazikitsidwa kwa m'badwo wachinayi wa zinthu za njinga yamoto yovundikira, koma mibadwo iwiri yoyambirira yazinthu zidapangidwa ndi makampani apakhomo, ndipo m'badwo wachitatu udapangidwa mwaokha ndi laimu. .Kudalira njira yaku China yokhwima yoperekera zinthu.
Pofuna kuti nkhani ya "makilomita otsiriza" ikhale yotentha, Lime ndi Mbalame adagwiritsanso ntchito "nzeru" za nsanja.
M'malo ena, ogwiritsa ntchito laimu ndi Mbalame akhoza mwachindunji kutenga scooters panja magetsi kunyumba, kulipiritsa scooters usiku, ndi kuwabwezera kumadera osankhidwa m'mawa, kotero kuti nsanja kulipira owerenga ndalama zina, Ndipo pofuna kuthetsa vutoli. kuyimitsidwa mwachisawawa kwa ma scooters amagetsi.
Komabe, mofanana ndi zochitika zapakhomo, mavuto osiyanasiyana atuluka panthawi yopititsa patsogolo ma scooters amagetsi ku United States ndi ku Ulaya.Mwachitsanzo, ma scooters ambiri amayikidwa m'mphepete mwa msewu kapena pakhomo loyimitsa magalimoto popanda oyang'anira, zomwe zimakhudza kuyenda kwabwino kwa oyenda pansi.Panali madandaulo ochokera kwa anthu ena akumaloko.Palinso anthu ena okwera ma scooters m'mphepete mwa msewu, zomwe zimawopseza chitetezo chaoyenda pansi.
Chifukwa cha kubwera kwa mliriwu, gawo la zoyendera padziko lonse lapansi lakhudzidwa kwambiri.Ngakhale ma scooters amagetsi omwe amagawana nawo omwe amathetsa mtunda womaliza akumana ndi zovuta zomwe sizinachitikepo.
Chikoka chamtunduwu mosasamala kanthu za malire a mayiko chakhalapo kwa zaka zitatu ndipo chakhudza kwambiri malonda a maulendowa oyendayenda.
Monga njira yothetsera "makilomita otsiriza" a ulendo woyendayenda, anthu nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochokera ku Lime, Mbalame ndi nsanja zina zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi subways, mabasi, ndi zina zotero. Pambuyo pa mliriwu, madera onse oyendetsa anthu akukumana ndi kugwa kwakukulu kwa okwera.
Malinga ndi data ya City Lab kumapeto kwa masika, kuchuluka kwa anthu okwera m'mizinda ikuluikulu ku Europe, America ndi China kunawonetsa kutsika kwakukulu kwa 50-90%;kuyenda kwa magalimoto pamsewu wapansi panthaka kumpoto m'dera la New York kokha kunatsika ndi 95%;The Bay Area MRT ku Northern California System okwera adachepetsedwa ndi 93% mkati mwa mwezi umodzi.
Panthawiyi, kuchepa kwachangu kwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa "mayendedwe a magawo atatu" omwe adayambitsidwa ndi Lime ndi Bird kudakhala kosapeweka.
Kuphatikiza apo, kaya ndi ma scooters amagetsi, njinga zamagetsi kapena njinga, zida zoyendera izi zomwe zimatengera chitsanzo chogawana, vuto la virus mu mliriwu labweretsa anthu kudera lakuzama, ogwiritsa ntchito sangakhale otsimikiza kukhudza galimoto yomwe ena ali nayo. kungokhudza .
Malinga ndi kafukufuku wa McKinsey, kaya ndi bizinesi kapena kuyenda kwanu, "kuopa kutenga ma virus pamalo omwe amagawana nawo" kwakhala chifukwa chachikulu chomwe anthu amakanira kugwiritsa ntchito maulendo oyenda pang'ono.
Kutsika kwa ntchito uku kwakhudza mwachindunji ndalama zamakampani onse.
Chakumapeto kwa 2020, atafika pachimake chokwera anthu 200 miliyoni padziko lonse lapansi, Lime adauza osunga ndalama kuti kampaniyo ipeza ndalama zabwino komanso kuyenda kwaulere kwaulere kwanthawi yoyamba mgawo lachitatu la chaka chimenecho, ndikuti zikhala zopindulitsa. kwa chaka chonse cha 2021.
Komabe, pamene mavuto a mliriwu akuchulukirachulukira padziko lonse lapansi, zinthu zotsatira zamalonda sizinayende bwino.
Malinga ndi lipoti la kafukufukuyu, kugwiritsa ntchito njinga yamoto yovundikira yomwe amagawana nawo nthawi zosakwana kanayi patsiku kumapangitsa kuti woyendetsayo asamayende bwino pazachuma (ie, zolipira za ogwiritsa ntchito sizingawononge ndalama zoyendetsera njinga iliyonse).
Malinga ndi The Infomation, mu 2018, scooter yamagetsi ya Bird idagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupifupi kasanu patsiku, ndipo wogwiritsa ntchito wamba amalipira $3.65.Gulu la Mbalame lidauza osunga ndalama kuti kampaniyo ikufuna kupanga $65 miliyoni pachaka komanso ndalama zonse za 19%.
Malire okwana 19% akuwoneka bwino, koma zikutanthauza kuti mutalipira ndalama zolipirira, kukonzanso, kulipira, inshuwaransi, ndi zina zambiri, Mbalame ikufunikabe kugwiritsa ntchito $ 12 miliyoni yotsalayo kulipira ndalama zogulira ofesi komanso ndalama zogwirira ntchito.
Malinga ndi ziwerengero zaposachedwa, ndalama zapachaka za bird mu 2020 zinali $ 78 miliyoni, ndikutayika kopitilira $200 miliyoni.
Kuonjezera apo, pali kuwonjezeka kwina kwa ndalama zogwiritsira ntchito zomwe zimapangidwira pa izi: kumbali imodzi, nsanja yogwiritsira ntchito siili ndi udindo wolipira ndi kusunga katundu, komanso kuwapha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kuti atsimikizire ukhondo wawo;kumbali ina, mankhwalawa sali ogawana Ndi kupanga, kotero n'zosavuta kuphwanya.Mavutowa sali ofala kumayambiriro kwa nsanja, koma monga momwe mankhwalawa amakhalira m'mizinda yambiri, izi ndizofala kwambiri.
"Nthawi zambiri ma scooters athu amagetsi ogula amatha kukhala kwa miyezi itatu mpaka theka la chaka, pomwe nthawi yamoyo ya ma scooters amagetsi omwe amagawana nawo amakhala pafupifupi miyezi 15, zomwe zimayika patsogolo zofunikira pazogulitsa."Munthu yemwe amagwira ntchito m'mafakitale okhudzana ndi kupanga akatswiri adanena kuti ngakhale kuti zinthu zamakampani a unicorn zikusintha pang'onopang'ono kupita ku magalimoto odzipangira okha pambuyo pake, mtengo wake umakhala wovuta kuchepetsa mwachangu, chomwe ndi chimodzi mwazifukwa zomwe ndalama zanthawi zonse zikadalipobe. zopanda phindu.
Zoonadi, vuto la zotchinga zochepa zamakampani likadalipo.Mapulatifomu monga Lime ndi Mbalame ndi atsogoleri amakampani.Ngakhale ali ndi phindu linalake komanso nsanja, zogulitsa zawo sizikhala ndi chidziwitso chotsogola.Zomwe ogwiritsa ntchito amagwiritsa ntchito pamapulatifomu osiyanasiyana Amakhala osinthika, ndipo palibe amene ali wabwino kwambiri kapena woyipa kwambiri.Pankhaniyi, ndizosavuta kwa ogwiritsa ntchito kusintha ntchito chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa magalimoto.
Ndikovuta kupeza phindu lalikulu pantchito zoyendera, ndipo m'mbiri, makampani okhawo omwe akhala akupanga phindu nthawi zonse akhala opanga magalimoto.
Komabe, nsanja zomwe zimabwereketsa ma scooters amagetsi, njinga zamagetsi, ndi njinga zomwe amagawana zimatha kukhazikika ndikutukuka bwino chifukwa chokhazikika komanso kuchuluka kwa anthu ogwiritsa ntchito.M'kanthawi kochepa mliri usanathe, osunga ndalama ndi nsanja sangathe kuwona chiyembekezo chotere.
Kumayambiriro kwa Epulo 2018, Meituan adapeza Mobike kwathunthu kwa US $ 2.7 biliyoni, zomwe zidawonetsa kutha kwa "nkhondo yogawana njinga".
Nkhondo yapanjinga yogawana yomwe idachokera ku "nkhondo yapaintaneti yoyendetsa magalimoto" inganenedwe kuti ndi nkhondo ina yodziwika bwino mu nthawi yachisangalalo chachikulu.Kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama ndi kulipira kuti atenge msika, mtsogoleri wamakampani ndi wachiwiri ophatikizidwa kuti awononge msika anali machitidwe okhwima kwambiri pa intaneti panthawiyo, ndipo palibe.
M'boma panthawiyo, amalonda sanafunike, ndipo kunali kosatheka kuwerengera ndalama zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi zomwe zimachokera.Akuti gulu la Mobike linachira pambuyo pa chochitikacho, ndipo kampaniyo inawonongeka kwambiri, atangolandira ndalama zambiri ndikuyamba kuyambitsa "khadi la mwezi uliwonse".Pambuyo pake, kusinthana kwa zotayika kwa msika kudakhala kosalamulirika.
Mosasamala kanthu kuti ndi kuyendetsa galimoto pa intaneti kapena njinga zogawana nawo, ntchito zamayendedwe ndi maulendo nthawi zonse zakhala mafakitale ovutitsa anthu omwe amapeza phindu lochepa.Kugwira ntchito mwamphamvu papulatifomu kokha kungakhale kopindulitsa.Komabe, ndi chithandizo chamisala cha capital, amalonda panjirayo mosakayikira adzalowa mu "nkhondo ya involution" yamagazi.
M'lingaliro limeneli, ma scooters amagetsi ku Ulaya ndi United States anganene kuti ndi ofanana ndi njinga zogawana nawo, ndipo ali a "m'badwo wagolide" wa ndalama zopangira ndalama zotentha kulikonse.Panthawi ya kuchepa kwa ndalama, osunga ndalama anzeru amasamalira kwambiri ndalama zomwe amapeza komanso kuchuluka kwa zotulutsa.Panthawiyi, kugwa kwa ma scooters amagetsi akugawana unicorn ndi mapeto osapeŵeka.
Masiku ano, pamene dziko likusintha pang'onopang'ono ku mliriwu ndipo moyo ukuchira pang'onopang'ono, kufunikira kwa "makilomita otsiriza" pantchito zoyendera kudakalipo.
McKinsey adachita kafukufuku wa anthu opitilira 7,000 m'zigawo zazikulu zisanu ndi ziwiri zapadziko lapansi pambuyo pa mliriwu, ndipo adapeza kuti dziko likabwerera mwakale, chizolowezi cha anthu chogwiritsa ntchito magalimoto ang'onoang'ono onyamula anthu pagawo lotsatira chidzakwera ndi 9% poyerekeza. ndi nthawi ya mliri yam'mbuyo.Mkhalidwe wogwiritsa ntchito mitundu yogawana yamagalimoto ang'onoang'ono akukwera ndi 12%.
Mwachiwonekere, pali zizindikiro za kuchira m'munda wa maulendo ang'onoang'ono, koma n'zovuta kunena ngati chiyembekezo cha tsogolo chiri cha scooters magetsi.
Nthawi yotumiza: Nov-19-2022